IPA : FOOD CHAIN

In ecosystem interactions between biotic and abiotic components ranging from the individual to the scope of the biosphere. This interaction is shown in the use of oxygen for breathing, sunlight utilization in plants. Interaction occurs between individuals with the aim to maintain the continuity of life. In terms of interaction, all organisms need energy in the form of chemical energy. Energy transfer in the form of food is converted into chemical energy structure through a sequence of eating and being eaten is called the food chain.As previously disclosed on the front of the biotic components include autotrophic and heterotrophic groups. It has been explained also that the autotrophic group is a group that does not depend on the presence of other beings in the synthesis of food. Instead heterotrophic components,
is a group of living things depend on other living creatures in the synthesis of food.Heterotrophic component is divided into two groups and mikrokonsumen makrokonsumen. Makrokonsumen group is a group that relies on the presence of other beings in the synthesis of food. Makrokonsumen group differentiated into three levels, namely consumer level I, level II and level III. Wiegert and Owens (1970) divide the component into the component hetrerotrofik biofagus and saprofagus. Biofagus is the creature that consumes other living beings and living things that utilize saprofagus dead body or dead organic matter.The food chain starts from the manufacturer, which are generally in the form of green plants, such as maize. Stems and leaves of the corn crop will be eaten by the consumer I herbivorous group, also known as primary consumers. Consumers are both called secondary consumers will eat primary consumers. Secondary Consumers are grouped into carnivorous, eating the animals. Tertiary consumer or consumer-level three-eaters primary and secondary consumers and producers. Tertiary consumers are called omnivores ataupemakan any groups.Another pathway through the food chain can also be initiated from the manufacturer, such as the corn crop. Then the next stage of the corn and fruit edible caterpillars, and caterpillar is eaten by birds so birds are eaten by snakes and so on. In such a case as a producer of corn and caterpillars, birds and snakes as consumers. Sa caterpillar consumer or primary consumer level I, level II bird as a consumer or a secondary consumer and a snake as a consumer level III or tertiary consumers.In not a single ecosystem food chain, but can be a lot of the food chain are often called food webs.

At each transfer most of the energy that is almost 80% of the potential energy released in the form of thermal energy. Heat energy is lost to the environment. Therefore the transfer chain has become very limited. The shorter the food chain, or getting close to the manufacturers would be the more energy is available. Physically there are two food chains that can be distinguished in the chain of life directly and indirectly chains. For example the food chain can be started directly from green plants (grass) as manufacturers passed on to carnivores to herbivores, omnivores. Indirect food chain is a chain decomposition of the dead organic matter and microorganisms leading to further micro-organism is a predator. The two food chains, namely the food chain directly and indirectly the food chain does not stand alone but is always associated with other food chains. The statement can be interpreted that through the food chain to form a pattern of interdependence with one another. Network food chain is generally referred to as a complex food web.One embodiment of the laws of thermodynamics I and efforts to fight the second law of thermodynamics that the food chain. In the food chain is a transfer of energy. Transfer of resources in the form of food from plant onward toward a series of organisms that eat green leaves from plants. Onwards from plant-eating animals will be used as food for animals that eat meat, including also enjoyed by humans. The leftovers will be processed within our earth by decomposing organisms (decay) so there was a lasting life cycle. The following figure shows the distribution of food.