Kimia : expert opinion on the formation of petroleum

The theory of biogenesis (Organic)

Macqiur (France, 1758) is the one who first put forward the idea that oil derived from plants. Then M.W. Lamanosow (Russia, 1763) also suggested the same thing. The opinions above are also supported by other scholars such as, New Beery (1859), Engler (1909), Bruk (1936), Bearl (1938) and Hofer. They stated that: "The oil and gas from marine organisms that have died millions of years ago and formed a layer in the earth."

The theory of abiogenesis (Inorganic)

Barthelot (1866) suggested that there is oil in the alkali metals, which in a free state with a high temperature will be in contact with CO2 to form asitilena. Then Mandeleyev (1877) suggested that petroleum is formed due to the influence of working steam on metal carbides in the earth. Even more extreme is the claim that some experts argued that oil started to form since prehistoric times, long before the Earth was formed, and in conjunction with the formation of the earth. The statement is based on facts discovered hydrocarbon material in some meteor rocks and in the atmosphere some other planet.

Of the many hypotheses that are often raised is the theory of biogenesis, as it could be. The theory of the formation of petroleum continue to evolve with the development of technology and engineering analysis of petroleum, until later in 1984 G. D. Hobson in his article entitled "The Occurrence and Origin of Oil and Gas".

Kimia : The process of formation of petroleum

Discusses the identification of petroleum can not be separated from the discussion theory of petroleum formation and formation conditions that make an oil specific and not to be the same between the oil with petroleum. Since I was a chemist, so I approach to do more than the chemical aspects of the geological aspects. An understanding of the process of formation of petroleum will be needed as a material consideration in interpreting the results of the identification. There are many hypotheses about the formation of petroleum raised by the experts. I will discuss another time

Bahasa Inggris-Asking & Giving Suggestion

English Expressions: Asking & Giving Suggestion (Ask for and give advice)

Bahasa Inggris-Conditional Sentences / If-Clauses Type I, II und III

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Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses.

Kimia : Alkuna

Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons that have a triple bond C = C. Spare the smallest alkane consists of two C atoms, ie ethyne. Alkyne name matches the name alkanes by replacing the suffix - ana be-una.
Name structure molecular formula
Ethene CH = CH C2H4
Propene CH = C-CH3 C3H4
Butene CH = C-CH2-CH3 C4H6
Pentena CH = C-CH2-CH2?-CH3 C5H8

From the table above the general molecular formula

Kimia : Properties Alkenes

1) Physical properties

Melting and boiling points of alkenes is almost the same as the corresponding alkane. At room temperature, low tribes gaseous, these tribes were liquid, and tribes - tribes are solid high.

2) Reactions of Alkenes

Alkene is much more reactive than alkanes because of the double bond. Alkene reactions mainly occur at the double bond.

The reactions of alkenes as follows.

a) Addition reactions (addition or saturation)

Addition reaction, the conversion of a double bond into a single bond with another atom binding way.

Substances that can mengadisi alkenes is:

(1) The hydrogen gas (H2)

CH2 = CH2 + H2

ethane

CH3-CH3

ethene

(2) Halogen (F2, Cl2, Br2, and I2)

CH2 = CH - CH3 + Br2

propene



(3) acid halides (HCl, HBr, HF, and HI)

If the alkene acid halide capture Markovnikov rules apply, ie H atom of acid halide is tied to the C atom bonded duplex that has more H atoms.

example:





propene

2-kloropropena

b) The reaction of combustion (oxidation with oxygen)

Alkene combustion produces CO2 and H2O.

C2H4 + 3 O2 2 CO2 + 2 H2O

Incomplete combustion of alkenes produce CO and H2O.

C2H4 + 2 O2 2 CO + 2 H2O

c) Polymerization Reaction

Polymerization reaction is a reaction in molecules of simple molecules (monomers) into large molecules (polymers).

example:

Polymerization of ethene to polythene

n CH2 = CH2 -> - CH2 - CH2--> [- CH 2 - CH 2 -] n

Kimia : Alkanes Nomenclature

In naming alkanes will be very difficult if you just use common nomenclature alkanes (methane sd decane, for the C1-C10). This is due to the alkane isomers, so the need for specific names. For example, normal prefix is used for straight-chain, while the prefix iso for isomer has one CH3 branch attached to the carbon atom number two. In fact, very difficult for us to give the name of the carbon chain has a lot of isomers. Therefore, the international association of chemists at a meeting in Geneva in 1892 has redefined the rules of naming chemical compounds. They formulated nomenclature was famous for IUPAC nomenclature (International Unionof Pure and Applied Chemistry). The name is derived by rule called systematic name or IUPAC name, while the name has been used before IUPAC nomenclature still used and referred to by the common name or the name of the trivial.

Kimia : General formula, Cluster Alkyl

General formula of Alkanes

Alkanes are saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, namely open-chain hydrocarbons with carbon and all bonds are single bonds. Alkane compound having the formula:

CnH2n + 2

(JamesE. Brady)

The names of ten alkanes with the number from 1 to 10 carbon atoms contained in Table 5.1. This is the basis of the names of all organic compounds.
Number of Atomic Molecular Formula C Major

IPA : ROLE IN MAINTAINING BALANCE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT

One thing that can not be removed from the ecosystem is the human population increasing from time to time may result in lowering the value of our ecosystems. Utilization of various natural resource control can bring a whole ecosystem out of balance. Therefore, controlling the human population should be regulated in such a way so as not to exceed nature's ability to support it. Here biodiversity needs to become an integral part in improving life on earth.Natural law states that whoever is strong, he will win. In terms of the number of individuals and species, the species that have more offspring more powerful than a few species offspring. Species that have children 'rarely' will have little chance to beat his rivals. Competition between species would emerge when the two populations or the creature fighting the same needs. Needs mention here which include the need for food, a place to live, safety and protection of the group or the influence of climate / weather, effects of solar radiation and so on.Ecosystem components in the form of energy is very important in maintaining the viability of existing components in the ecosystem. In the study of ecosystems, natural ecosystem component applies the laws of nature as well. The laws relating to energy for living things which are the first law of thermodynamics, the second law of thermodynamics.The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can be converted from one form to another, energy is sustainable, it can not be created and destroyed. Sunlight, for example, can be converted into other forms of energy that depends on the processes that occur. For example, solar energy is converted into thermal energy, solar energy is converted into chemical energy in the food producing potential energy and solar energy is converted into electrical energy for lighting that can be used by humans to meet their needs.The second law of thermodynamics states that any system will always tend to change from being a regular to irregular circumstances. This means that any energy that enters the bodies of living, population or ecosystem can be regarded as stored energy or energy that can be released. In these circumstances it can be regarded as sentient life energy conversion. Because of the wide variety of living things, it will be found a variety of strategies to transform the energy as the embodiment of the laws of thermodynamics I.In the history of life, human beings as the first to accept a mandate from God to manage semestaini nature. Humans have always tried to be master of the universe. In most creatures sinimanusia is entitled to organize, organize, and utilize the environment according to their needs, while other creatures are often not given the opportunity to set this universe. Thanks to the skills of thinking, reasoning humans can manage, take advantage of natural resources for biological and non biological necessities of life and living. How to use natural resources is done through a variety of ways all of which were addressed to the prosperity of life, well-being and survival of human beings and their children fall. Man in managing and utilizing natural resources through intellectual abilities, in addition to its usefulness for living there but there is also a negative side that appears. Securities are always accompanying destruction of natural resources and often also destroy the natural resources of flora and fauna as well as the man himself.In the creation of the creatures, the Lord God Almighty created man as the most perfect creature than makhluklainnya. Humans are equipped with a mind and heart to solve the problems it faces, while other creatures are not equipped minds. Humans are able to think of the future offspring, and therefore humans can make better planning to maintain its presence on this earth.

IPA : EFFECT OF ECOSYSTEM breeding

The ability of an organism to multiply largely determined by the environment. Environment will provide good things for life such as food, a place to live, the influence of climate, weather, humidity and solar radiation. Thus increase the number of individuals in the population relies on the provision of natural resources by a certain amount. This situation gives us that in a teraturpun, population number of humans, animals and plants tend to still be up and down.Rise and fall of the population relies on the provision of natural resources.

IPA : FOOD CHAIN

In ecosystem interactions between biotic and abiotic components ranging from the individual to the scope of the biosphere. This interaction is shown in the use of oxygen for breathing, sunlight utilization in plants. Interaction occurs between individuals with the aim to maintain the continuity of life. In terms of interaction, all organisms need energy in the form of chemical energy. Energy transfer in the form of food is converted into chemical energy structure through a sequence of eating and being eaten is called the food chain.As previously disclosed on the front of the biotic components include autotrophic and heterotrophic groups. It has been explained also that the autotrophic group is a group that does not depend on the presence of other beings in the synthesis of food. Instead heterotrophic components,

IPA : INTERACTION BETWEEN COMPONENTS BIOTIK

Interactions between components are biotic interactions that occur antarpopulasi organisms that make up the ecosystem. Some types antarkomponen biotic interactions, ie mutualism, komensalisme, alelopati, predation, competition, and parasitism.
a. mutualism
Mutualism is a form of relationship or interaction between organisms of two different species are mutually beneficial. An example is ant mutualism relationship with aphids. Ants protect aphids from predators, whereas aphids provide a kind of liquid honey to ants. Other examples of flowers with bees.

b. komensalisme
Komensalisme is a form

IPA : IDENTIFYING COMPONENTS OF ECOSYSTEM

Living and non-living organisms are difficult to separate from each other; interact to achieve life balance. The process of this interaction will result in the flow of energy and food. The flow of energy and food allows the mineral cycle that exists in a system called ecosystem also commonly called landscape.Ecosystems also called landscape. Ecosystem consists of various elements that make up the landscape. Ecosystem components that are known in the biotic and abiotic components of the component.1. Biotic component of ecosystems that

IPA : ECOLOGY and scope

Ecology also called environmental science is an integration of the various disciplines of science that studies the body of living and non-living bodies. This science is a combination of various disciplines include sociology, health sciences, geography, physics

Traditional Arts, Modern and Contemporary Art

Fine art is a branch of art that make up the artwork with the media could catch the eyes and felt with palpation. This impression is created by processing the concept line, plane, shape, volume, color, texture, and lighting with aesthetic references.

Players, equipment and officials

The Brazil national futsal team line up before a match.

There are five players on each team, one of whom is the goalkeeper. The maximum number of substitutes allowed is nine (FIFA change 2012), with unlimited substitutions during the match. Substitutes can come on even when the ball is in play. If a team has fewer than three players in the team, the match is abandoned.
The kit is made up of a jersey or shirt with sleeves, shorts, socks, shinguards made out of rubber or plastic, and shoes with rubber soles. The goalkeeper is allowed to wear long trousers and a different coloured kit, to distinguish himself from the other players in the team and the referee. He is also allowed to wear elbow pads because the surface is about as hard as a tennis court or basketball court. Jewellery is not allowed, nor are other items that could be dangerous to the player wearing the item or to other active participants.

10 Largest Empire in world history

Kingdom / empire is a system of government that once popular in the world. A kingdom / empire called the great empire can be seen from the size, population, economy, long reign, how the leader came to power and how the lives of its people. Sometimes the area of ​​a kingdom is disputed by some experts dikerenakan lack of resources. In general, there are several categories that could make a monarchy in mind its history to the present. Here are 10 greatest empire that ever existed in this world.

Various Majas Confirmation

And here are various kinds of figure of speech penegasanbeserta successful example blogbintang.com get:

    Majas Climax: It is a kind of style that made some demanded more and more increasing. Example: Tribulation produce patience, patience experience, and experience hope.
    Majas anticlimax: It is a style that made some the LMA sequential decrease. Example: Chairman of the district court is a rich man, quiet, and well-known namany
    Majas Koreksio: It is a style that is at first to affirm something, but then fix it. Example: Please return the brothers, eh sorry, please eat.
    Majas Asindeton: It is a style that is mentioned in a row without using connecting words that move the reader's attention to the things mentioned. Example: And the tightness of sorrow, pain, anguish thousand final seconds of the release life

Matematika : chance events

DEFINITION
 

Chance of an event A is equal to the number of occurrence of the event A is divided by all possible.